CRATER LAKES 4

A picture of Lake Pinatubo in 2009. [ Photo by Razzmatazz143; Janice Bocateja / public domain ]

Lake Pinatubo (Filipino: Lawa ng Pinatubo) is the crater lake of Mount Pinatubo in the boundaries of Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales, Philippines. It is about 90 km (55 miles) north of the capital Manila. Mount Pinatubo's volcanic activity has followed a cycle: centuries of repose terminated by a caldera-forming eruption with large pyroclastic flows; a post-eruption aftermath of rain-triggered lahars in surrounding drainages and dome-building that fills the caldera; and then another long quiescent period. During and after the eruptions, lahars descending along volcano channels may block tributaries from watersheds beyond Pinatubo, generating natural lakes. Geophysical evidences show that there were at least two ancient crater lakes in the area. The present crater lake is located in the Mapanuepe River valley in the southwestern part of the volcano. (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

36. Taal Lake (Philippines)

A view of Taal Lake, Luzon, Philippines, from an elevated terrain [ Photo by Yournecs / public domain ]

Taal Lake is a freshwater lake in the province of Batangas, on the island of Luzon, Philippines. The lake is situated within a caldera formed by very large eruptions between 500,000 and 100,000 years ago. It is the country's third largest lake (the largest being Laguna de Bay). The active Taal Volcano, which is the one responsible for the lake's sulfuric content, lies on an island in the center of the lake, called Volcano Island. The island is called pulo or islet by the locals. In addition, there is a crater lake on Volcano Island, which is in Lake Taal, which in turn is on Luzon (an island). That crater lake is the world's largest lake on an island in a lake on an island, and it in turn contains its own small island, Vulcan Point. Eruptions has also buried numerous lakeside towns by volcanic ash and submerged by rising lake waters. (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

37. Lagoa das Sete Cidades (Portugal)

São Miguel, Sao-Miguel, Azores, Portugal [ Photo by Christophe.Finot / CC BY-SA 3.0 ]

Lagoa das Sete Cidade (English:  Lake of the Seven Cities) is a twin-lake situated in the crater of a massive crater on the Portuguese archipelago of theAzores. It consists of two ecologically-different small-lakes connected by a narrow passage (and crossed by a bridge), located inside a dormant volcano on the western third of the island of São Miguel. The Lagoa das Sete Cidades part of a natural landscape of communitarian interest: it is the largest body of water in the region and one of the most important freshwater resources in the archipelago. The ancient story, recounts the tale of a bad-tempered widower King and his daughter in a Kingdom in the Western Sea. He was a King, Lord of Alchemy and sorcerer, who lived exclusively for his daughter, Antília, and who would not let the Princess speak to anyone. (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

38. Lagoa do Fogo (Portugal)

Lagoa do Fogo, volcanic crater on Sao Miguel (Azores) [ Photo by Andree Stephan / CC BY-SA 3.0 ]

Lagoa do Fogo (English: Lagoon of Fire) is a crater lake within the Agua de Pau stratovolcano in the center of the island of São Miguel Island in the Azores. The governmental authorities do not allow any modern construction around this lake. This lake is the highest above sea level on São Miguel Island. (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

39. Lake Sfânta Ana (Romania)

Lake Sfânta Ana [ Photo by Csanády / public domain ]

Lake Sfânta Ana (Hungarian: Szent Anna-tó, meaning St. Anne Lake in both languages) is a crater lake located in the volcanic crater named "Puciosul" (Büdös-hegy or Stinky Mountain) of the Eastern Carpathians, near Tuşnad in the Natural Reserve of Mohoş, Harghita County, Romania. According to measurements made in 2005, the maximum depth of the lake is 6.4 m and the sediment thickness is about 4 m. The lake is supplied exclusively from precipitations, therefore the degree of mineralization of the water is very low. The water purity approaches of that of distilled water, with only 0.0029 ml mineral (based on a wikipedia article /cc by-sa)

40. Hallasan (South Korea)

At the top of Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea. [ Photo by Mass Ave 975 / CC BY-SA 3.0 ]

Hallasan is a shield volcano on Jeju Island of South Korea. Hallasan is the highest mountain of South Korea. The area around the mountain is a designated national park, the Hallasan National Park (Hallasan Gungnip Gongwon/한라산국립공원/漢拏山國立公園). Hallasan is commonly considered to be one of the three main mountains of South Korea, with Jirisan and Seoraksan being the other two. The volcanic island was constructed starting in the Pliocene epoch atop the continental shelf, which is presently about 100 m (300 ft) below sea level in that area. Eruptions of basalt and trachyte lava built the island above sea level, and it now reaches a height of 1,950 metres (6,398 ft). A large volcanic crater over 400 m (1,300 ft) in diameter tops the volcano. (based on a wikipediaarticle / cc by-sa)

41. Nemrut (Turkey)

Nemrut (volcano) [ Photo by NASA / public domain ]

Mt. Nemrut is near Tatvan, a small town in the eastern Anatolian province of Bitlis. The mountain rises from the southwestern shore of Lake Van, and enters the district of Ahlat to the north. There is also a small warm lake whose temperature reaches 60 °C (140 °F), providing evidence of continuing volcanic activity. Mt. Nemrut is the most southern and youngest of the chain of volcanoes in eastern Anatolia. It is a stratovolcano, and began erupting during the fourth geological era and continued to be active until 1597 A.D. As a result of the volcanic eruptions of Mt. Nemrut, the single Van — Mus river basin was divided into two separate basins. The eruption of Nemrut volcano also led the formation of Lake Van, the largest lake in Turkey. The city of Tatvan lies to the southeast of Mt. Nemrut and is a good starting point from which to climb the volcano. (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

42. Crater Lake (USA)

Crater Lake is a caldera lake in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. [ Photo by Zainubrazvi / CC BY-SA 3.0 ]

Crater Lake is a caldera lake located in the south-central region of the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and famous for its deep blue color and water clarity. The lake partly fills a nearly 2,148 foot (655 m) deep caldera that was formed around 7,700 (± 150) years ago by the collapse of the volcano Mount Mazama. Mount Mazama, part of the Cascade Range volcanic arc, was built up mostly of andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite over a period of at least 400,000 years. The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption that led to the subsidence of Mount Mazama around 5700 BC: about 50 cubic kilometers (12 cubic miles) of rhyodacite was erupted in this event. Since that time, all eruptions on Mazama have been confined to the caldera. (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

43. Medicine Lake (USA)

Aerial view of Medicine Lake from the northeast. [ Photo by Julie Donnelly-Nolan. United States Geological Survey / public domain ]

Medicine Lake Volcano is a large shield volcano in northeastern California about 50 kilometers (30 mi) northeast of Mount Shasta. The volcano is located in a zone of east-west crustal extension east of the main axis of the Cascade Volcanic Arc and the Cascade Range. The 1-kilometer (0.6 mi) thick shield is 35 km (22 mi) from east to west and 45 to 50 km (28 to 31 mi) from north to south, and covers more than 2,000 km2 (770 sq mi). The underlying rock has downwarped by 0.5 km (0.3 mi) under the center of the volcano. The volcano is primarily composed of basalt and basaltic andesite lava flows, and has a 7 by 12 km (4.3 by 7.5 mi) caldera at the center. The Medicine Lake shield rises about 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) above the Modoc Plateau to an elevation of 2,376 meters (7,795 ft). (based on a wikipedia article / cc by-sa)

44. Mount Katmai (USA)

Katmai Crater – Mount Katmai, Alaska [ Photo by Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps / public domain ]

Mount Katmai is a large stratovolcano (composite volcano) on the Alaska Peninsula in southern Alaska, located within Katmai National Park and Preserve. It is about 6.3 miles (10 km) in diameter with a central lake-filled caldera about 3 by 2 mi (4.5 by 3 km) in area, formed during the Novarupta eruption of 1912. The caldera rim reaches a maximum elevation of 6,716 feet (2,047 m). In 1975 the surface of the crater lake was at an elevation of about 4,220 feet (1,286 m), and the estimated elevation of the caldera floor is about 3,400 ft (1,040 m). The mountain is located in Kodiak Island Borough, very close to its border with Lake and Peninsula Borough. The Quaternary volcanic rocks at Katmai and adjacent cones are less than 5,000 ft (1,500 m) thick. (based on a wikipediaarticle / cc by-sa)

45. Newberry Volcano (USA)

Newberry Caldera showing Paulina and East Lakes, and Big Obsidian Flow [ Photo by USGS photo by Lyn Topinka / public domain ]

Newberry Volcano (with Newberry Caldera) is a large potentially active shield volcano located 40 miles (64 km) east of the Cascade Range and about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bend, Oregon. It is not a typical shield volcano. In addition to erupting basaltic lavas, it also has erupted andesitic and even rhyolitic lava. The Newberry Volcano lies at the northwest end of both the Brothers Fault Zone, and the High Lava Plains (area of blue lines on diagram at right) of volcanic features in central Oregon that have been developing since about 16 Ma. Volcanism in the High Lava Plains is bimodal, having both basaltic (mafic) and rhyolitic (silicic) types of lava. Some of the rhyolites show a progression in ages